Cardiovascular Applications of Medical Gases Unveiling Mechanistic Pathways and Targeted Delivery Innovations: A New Horizon in the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) especially, coronary arteries disease (CAD) remains a major health challenge due to its

complex pathophysiology, which involves endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Traditional therapies primarily

focus on symptom management and controlling risk factors, often lacking mechanisms to address the underlying causes of CVD. Gas-

based therapies have emerged as promising novel treatments for CAD. Therapeutic gases such as nitric oxide, hydrogen, and carbon

monoxide show potential in addressing the disease mechanisms directly. Nitric oxide, for example, has proven beneficial in treating

pulmonary hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Hydrogen therapy offers antioxidant effects that reduce ischemic injury,

while carbon monoxide—once thought of solely as a toxin—demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties and aids in vasodilation and

tissue repair. This review explores the mechanisms, clinical applications, and challenges of these therapeutic gases, with an emphasis

on safety, and delivery methods. As research in this field advances, gas therapy may become integrated into mainstream cardiovascular

treatments, transforming approaches to CVD management by targeting interventions that could yield more favorable patient outcomes.