Postoperative Complications and Associated Risk Factors Following Cardiac Surgeries

Abstract

coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide requiring different procedures to relieve symptoms, slow

the progression, and increase life expectancy. CABG is a surgical procedure needed to restore the normal blood flow to an obstructed

coronary artery. In Valvular surgery, a surgeon replaces or repairs the damaged or diseased heart valve or valves. Both procedures are

followed by complications and are associated with risk factors. This study employed non-probability consecutive sampling in a six-month

descriptive cross-sectional analysis involving 125 patients aged 35-75. Data collection was facilitated using proforma designed for this study.

The statistical analysis utilized a person chi-square test to evaluate the association between risk factors and complications. Our Study

observed 6 complications associated with CABG and Valvular surgeries. The most frequent complication affecting 37 people was

arrhythmia. Other complications included gastrointestinal (GIT) issues in 17 participants, postoperative bleeding in 9, sternal infection in 8,

post-operative pneumonia in 4, and stroke in 1 patient. Myocardial Infarction (MI), diabetes mellitus, and hepatic failure were the risk factors

related to these complications. This Study found that arrhythmia was the most common complication in patients after CABG or Valvular

surgeries, followed by GIT Issues, post-operative bleeding, sternal infection, post-operative pneumonia, and stroke. These complications

were linked to pre-operative risk factors, including a History of MI, diabetes mellitus, and Hepatic Failure. Addressing these risk factors is

essential for improving patient care and outcomes while lowering healthcare costs.